Immunobiology : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 31 – NIOS

INTEXT QUESTIONS 31.1
- Who is considered as the father of immunobiology?- Edward Jenner
- What are the three main functions of immunological defence?
Ans. Broadly immunological defence serves three functions :
(i) Defence against microorganisms.
(ii) Homeostasis i.e. removal of damaged (non functional) cells to
maintain normal state.
(iii) Surveillance i.e. recognition and destruction of mutant cells. - Define immunology.
Ans. Study of organisation and function of the immune system.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 31.2
- Name the two categories of immune cells.
Ans. (i) Central or primary lymphoid organs.
(ii) Peripheral or secondary lymphoid organs. - Name the organ found in birds where B-cells are produced. in Biology
Ans. Bursa of Fabricius. - Write the two main functions of B-cells.
Ans. Main functions of B-cells:
(i) Initiate antibody mediated-immune response.
(ii) Transform into plasma cells which secrete antibodies. - Name the cells responsible for synthesis of antibodies.- Plasma cells/B-cells
- What is the function of T-helper cells?
Ans. Promote response by B-cells resulting in antibody production and also activate other T-cells.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 31.3
- Name the part of antigen which makes contact with antibody.- Epitope
- How many types of immunoglobulins are known? (Give only the number).- Five
- Name the immunoglobulin found in highest concentration.
Ans. Immunoglobulin G - Which type of immune response is responsible for the killing of cancer cells?
Ans. Cell-mediated immune response
INTEXT QUESTIONS 31.4
- Mention two physical barriers of the body.
Ans. (i) Skin
(ii) Epithelial cell layer of respiratory system. - Macrophages are found in large numbers in the following organs :
Ans. (i) Lung
(ii) Liver
(iii) Spleen - Give two examples of each of the following:
(i) Killed organism vaccine – Typhoid vaccine, Pertussis vaccine.
(ii) Live attenuated organism vaccine – BCG, Rubella vaccine.
(iii) Toxoid vaccine – Diphtheria vaccine, Tetanus vaccine.
TERMINAL EXERCISES
- Define the term immunity.
- What are the main defence mechanisms operating in our body?
- ‘Immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues and soluble factors’.
Justify this statement. - Describe the process of antibody production.
- List main functions of T-cells.
- Draw a schematic diagram of the structure of antibody.
- What are the main physical barriers of the body?
- Describe important features of phagocytic cells.
- Give one main difference between passively acquired immunity and actively acquired immunity.
- Define the process of attenuation.
- Name two toxoid vaccines.
- What do the following abbreviations mean?
(i) BCG (ii) DPT (iii) MMR - Define the term gene therapy. Under what condition does it become necessaryto opt for such a therapy ?
- What is meant by human somatic gene therapy? How does it differ from thegerm line gene therapy? Which of the two have been successful so far and why?
- Discuss in brief the different types of somatic gene therapy.
- Give the cause, symptoms and treatment of haemorrhagic dengue fever.
- Give full form of STD.
- Mention any two sympotms of syphilis.
- State the means by which we may prevent and cure gonorrhoea.
- What does the term AIDS stand for?
- Write four possible symptoms of AIDS.
- Mention three general points which may control sexually transmitted diseases.
NIOS 12th class biology Q Ans
- Origin and Evolution of Life & Classification : 12th Class Biology Notes – NIOS
- The Kingdoms Monera, Protista & Fungi : 12th Class Biology Notes – NIOS
- Kingdoms Plantae & Animalia : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 3 – NIOS
- Cell Structure & Function : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 4 – NIOS
- Tissues & Others Level of Organization : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 5 – NIOS
- Root System : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 6 – NIOS
- Shoot System : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 7 – NIOS
- Absorption, Transport & Water Loss (Transpiration) in Plants : 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 8 – NIOS
- Nutrition in Plants – Mineral Nutrition : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 9 – NIOS
- Nitrogen Metabolism : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 10 – NIOS
- Photosynthesis : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 11 – NIOS
- Respiration in Plants : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 12 – NIOS
- Nutrition and Digestion : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 13 – NIOS
- Respiration and Elimination of Nitrogenous Wastes : 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 14 – NIOS
- Circulation of Body Fluids : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 15 – NIOS
- Locomotion and Movement : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 16 – NIOS
- Coordination & Control : The Nervous & Endocrine Systems | 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 17 – NIOS
- Homeostasis : The Steady State – 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 18 – NIOS
- Reproduction in Plants : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 19 – NIOS
- Previous:Growth and Development in Plants : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 20 – NIOS
- Reproduction and Population Control : 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 21 – NIOS
- Principles of Genetics : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 22 – NIOS
- Molecular Inheritance and Gene Expression : 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 23 – NIOS
- Genetics and Society : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 24 – NIOS
- Principles of Ecology : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 25 – NIOS
- Conservation and Use of Natural Resources : 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 26 – NIOS
- Pollution : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 27 – NIOS
- Nutrition and Health : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 28 – NIOS
- Some Common Human Disease : 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 29 – NIOS
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