Reproduction in Plants : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 19 – NIOS
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.1
- Define reproduction.
Ans. The process by which living organisms produce their offsprings for the continuity of the species. - How is asexual reproduction different from sexual reproduction?
Ans. Offsprings reproduce from a vegetative unit produced by a parent
without fusion of gamete. In case of sexual reproduction fusion of male
and female reproductive cells produced in male and female reproductive organs, is required. - What is a gamete?
Ans. Male and female reproductive cells are known as gametes. - Name two types of vegetative reproduction.
Ans. Fission, budding, fragmentation. - Choose the correct option
Apomixis is:
(a) Development of plants in darkness
(b) Development of plants without fusion of gametes
(c) Inability to perceive stimulus for flowering
(d) Effect of low temperature on plant growth
Ans. b
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.2
- Define the term isogamy. Which species of Chlamydomonas exhibits isogamy.
Ans. Male and female gametes are identical in structure. - Where does meiosis occur in Chlamydomonas ?- Zygote
- Give the method of asexual reproduction in Chlamydomonas. What is the function of zoospores in Chlamydomonas.- Asexual reproduction
- Name the speicies of Chlamydomonas that reproduces by Anisogamy and the species that reproduces by Oogamy.
Ans. Anisogamy – C. braunii;
Oogamy – C.oogamum and C. coccifera - Define the term zoospore and aplanospore.
Ans. A flagellate thin-walled asexual reproductive unit is called zoospore. If
a zoospore loses flagella and becomes, non motile, it is called aplanospore.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.3
- Vegetative reproduction in Spirogyra takes place by means of
Ans. Fragmentation - Name the kind of sexual reproduction that occurs in Spirogyra.
Ans. Scalariform Conjugation. - When does meiosis occur in Spirogyra ?
Ans. Diploid nucleus in zygote on return of favourable conditions. - How many filaments are involved in lateral conjugation ?
Ans. Only one filament is involved in lateral conjugation
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.4
- Define the terms (i) Annual (ii) Biennial (iii) Perennial
Ans. Annual – Plants which produce flowers and seeds and die within one
season.
Biennial – Plants which complete their life cycle in two seasons. In First season they are in vegetative state and in second season, they reproduce and die.
Perennial – Plants which live for several years. For first few years they are in vegetative state and later, they flower and produce fruits and seeds every year. - List the factors which induce flowering
Ans. Temperature, light – day length - Give one example where external application of hormone can reverse the sex of a flower
Ans. Cannabis or Cucumis - Name the essential whorls in a flower.
Ans. Stamens and Carpels
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.5
- What is the innermost wall layer of microsporangium called? – Tapetum
- Name the organ where pollen grains are formed. Heredity – Pollen sac
- Name the two layers of pollen grain – Exine and intine
- Name two parts of a mature ovule.
Ans. Nucellus and integuments
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.6
- What is pollination?
Ans. Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of a flower. - Mention suitable terms for the following :
(i) Flowers do not open and get self-pollinated. – Cleistogamy
(ii) Male and female reproductive organs mature at different times. – Dichogamy - Give two features of insect pollinated flowers :
(i) Flowers are large, coloured and showy
(ii) Some flowers secrete nectar.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.7
- Which part of the ovule forms the seed coat ? – Integuments.
- Define a seed. – Ripened ovule.
- Give one example of a dicot seed and one of a monocot seed. – Pea or Gram, Maize grain.
- Define a fruit.
Ans. Ripened ovary.
Seed coat - List the parts of mature seed.
Ans. Embryo
Endosperm
Cotyledons - Development of an embryo from a cell of embryo sac other than egg is an example of – Adventive Polyembryony
- Formation of more than one embryo from a single zygote is called – Cleavage Polyembryony
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.8
- Define vegetative reproduction.
Ans.The process of multiplication in which a portion of the plant body
becomes detached and develops into new plants. - Give an example of each of the following :
(a) rhizome – ginger
(b) tuber – potato
(c) bulb – onion
(d) runner – Lawn grass
(e) sucker – mint - Give an example of vegetative reproduction which is carried out by leaves.
Ans. Bryophyllum - Name two ways by which vegetative reproduction occurs in plants.
Ans. Rhizomes and Bulbs
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.9
- What are the various methods which man uses for propagating plants artificially?
Ans. Cutting (b) Grafting (c) Layering - Name at least four specialised plant parts which help in vegetative, propagation.
Ans. (a) Runner (b) Tuber (c) Bulb (d) Sucker - Write one advantage of vegetative reproduction.
Ans. Desirable varieties of ornamental plants and fruit trees can be multiplied easily.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.10
- Give two examples each of plants which are propagated by the following methods:
(a) Cutting – (i) Croton (ii) Money plant
(b) Layering – (i) Jasmine (ii) Grapevine
(c) Grafting – (i) Rose (ii) Mango - Name the artificial means of vegetative propagation commonly used in the laboratory. – Micropropagation
- Give two examples of plants which are propagated by micropropagation
technique.
Ans. Orchids, Chrysanthemum, Asparagus.
TERMINAL EXERCISES
- Explain the term isogamy taking Chlamydomonas as an example.
- Describe scalariform conjugation in Spirogyra.
- Differentiate between annuals, biennials and perennial plants.
- Give significance of pollination.
- Draw a labelled sketch of a mature ovule.
- Give a labelled diagram of a mature pollen grain.
- Mention important characteristics in Anemophilous and Hydrophilous plants.
- Give the significance of fertilisation.
- Mention the changes that take place when the fruit ripens.
- Define the following terms :
(a) Corm (b) Scion
(c) Callus (d) Micropropagation
(e) Vegetative reproduction - In what ways do plants reproduce vegetatively without human assistance ?
- In what ways do plants reproduce vegetatively with human assistance?
- Define and give an example of each of the following:
(a) Rhizome (b) Stolon (c) Cutting
(d) Layering (e) Grafting - What are the advantages and disadvantages of vegetative reproduction ?
- In what way is vegetative reproduction simple ?
- Write short notes on
(a) Runner (b) Sucker (c) Bulb (d) Tuber - In brief describe the various steps of micropropagation.
- What is the significance of micropropagation ?
- If a branch of dasehri mango is grafted on a tree producing desi mango. What type of mangoes will be produced on the grafted branch and on other branches of the tree?
NIOS 12th class biology Q Ans
- Origin and Evolution of Life & Classification : 12th Class Biology Notes – NIOS
- The Kingdoms Monera, Protista & Fungi : 12th Class Biology Notes – NIOS
- Kingdoms Plantae & Animalia : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 3 – NIOS
- Cell Structure & Function : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 4 – NIOS
- Tissues & Others Level of Organization : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 5 – NIOS
- Root System : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 6 – NIOS
- Shoot System : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 7 – NIOS
- Absorption, Transport & Water Loss (Transpiration) in Plants : 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 8 – NIOS
- Nutrition in Plants – Mineral Nutrition : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 9 – NIOS
- Nitrogen Metabolism : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 10 – NIOS
- Photosynthesis : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 11 – NIOS
- Respiration in Plants : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 12 – NIOS
- Nutrition and Digestion : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 13 – NIOS
- Respiration and Elimination of Nitrogenous Wastes : 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 14 – NIOS
- Circulation of Body Fluids : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 15 – NIOS
- Locomotion and Movement : 12th Class Biology Question Answer Lesson 16 – NIOS
- Coordination & Control : The Nervous & Endocrine Systems | 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 17 – NIOS
- Homeostasis : The Steady State – 12th Class Biology Q Ans Lesson 18 – NIOS
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